The Toxic Water Pollutant No One is Talking About; Found in Drugs and Numerous Other Industrials

Have you heard nano-graphene oxide? Yeah, neither did we until recently and, apparently, the stuff is everywhere.

When DIVINIA's original founder and inventor, Steven Sedlmayr, was recently interviewed on a podcast with host, Kerry Cassidy, he was asked about nano-graphene and its prevalence in water. After some research and careful investigation, we learned more about this toxic substance that is actually used in everything from anti-cancer drugs, to wastewater filters, to paints and batteries.

What is nano-graphene used for?

According to this study published in 2016, graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) are used... "Due to their unique physicochemical properties... Currently, many studies have investigated the biocompatibility and toxicity of GFNs in vivo and in intro. Generally, GFNs may exert different degrees of toxicity in animals or cell models by following with different administration routes and penetrating through physiological barriers, subsequently being distributed in tissues or located in cells, eventually being excreted out of the bodies."

GFNs are renowned for being extremely light, so particles are easily airborne which means they start in the air then settle into the soil and, eventually, wind up in our water sources. GFNs are used in drug manufacturing, cellular imaging, wastewater filtration membranes, battery production, supercapacitors, conductive inks, corrosion protective and protective coating and paints, scratch resistance coatings, thermal managements applications, and more. Like 'forever chemcials'/PFAS, nano-graphene particles are man made, sturdy, and hard to get rid of.

How are we exposed and what is the risk of exposure?

The study goes on to outline the results of exposure to GFNs which include physical destruction, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. GFNs can cross the blood-brain-barrier, blood-air barrier, and blood-placenta barrier with the researchers agreeing that more research needs to be done.

People are often exposed to GFNs through their occupational setting or accidental exposure in a polluted environment (near industrial sites where it can be airborne, in the soil or the water). Additionally, exposure can occur from pharmaceutical drugs - particularly in cancer drugs.

According to this paper GFNs are used "... for the loading of a variety of therapeutics as well as anti-cancer medications, poor dissolvable medications, antibiotics, antibodies, peptides, DNA, RNA and genes. Graphene provides the ultra-high drug-loading efficiency due to the wide surface area. Graphene and graphene oxide have been widely investigated for biomedical applications due to their exceptional qualities: twodimensional planar structure, wide surface area, chemical and mechanical constancy, sublime conductivity and excellent biocompatibility." In other words, nano-graphenes helps deliver drugs to your system without your body's ability to efficiently flush it out.

How do I avoid exposure? It is hard to avoid nano-graphene while it is airborne and in the soil. However, you can avoid exposure by drinking filtered, purified water!

At DIVINIA, we take purified water seriously. DIVINIA Water is the result of a meticulous and sophisticated commercial purification system built to remove graphene particles, microplastics, uranium, arsenic, lead, heavy metals, plastics, trace pharmaceuticals, chemicals, PFASs, and numerous other pollutants and contaminants that can only be removed by multiple levels of micron filtration, vapor distillation, reverse osmosis, and our proprietary technique.

DIVINIA is committed to bottling in glass ONLY for sustainability, quality and taste.